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Audi : Audi TT

 

The Audi TT design study shown at the 1995 German Motor Show was greeted enthusiastically, not least for the sheer purity of its design. Now the series- production model is about to be launched, and confirms the fascinating, no- compromise design of this remarkable sports car. The original concept is still totally intact – something of a rarity in automobile development!

The necessities of series production have been incorporated into the design with exceptional care.

The Heritage : With the TT, Audi acknowledges the strong pull exerted by the thoroughbred sports car in its original form. Even the model name is a tribute to one of the legends of motor sport, the famous "Tourist Trophy" race.

There are early links between Audi and the Tourist Trophy. Ever since 1911, NSU riders contested the motorcycle events, with frequent success. To commemorate this, a sports version of the popular NSU Prinz compact car was named the TT in 1967.

 

The TT was built at the Neckarsulm plant, which today manufactures the Audi A6 and Audi A8.

Developed from the standard TT model for competition use, the NSU TTS had a 1000 cc engine with a power output of up to 85 bhp, and played a leading part in its class on the motor-sport scene. In 1967 it won the Tour d’Europe, at the time the world’s longest rally.

NSU TT
The NSU TT
(1967)

The Powertrain : When developing engines for the Audi TT Coupé, the company’s engineers had an outstandingly good foundation on which to build: the turbocharged 1.8-litre engine with five valves per cylinder. This engine had always placed the emphasis on abundant torque and was therefore ideal for the task. Using it as a reliable basis, many components were either modified or completely redesigned to suit the new task, from the turbocharger itself and the intake manifold to the electric engine management control unit. In this way it has been possible to increase the engine’s power output in the TT to 132 kW (180 bhp) and, in its more powerful guise, to no less than 165 kW (225 bhp).

One of the impressive technical features for which Audi’s new turbocharged engines are noted is the design of the inlet ports.They impart a "tumble effect" to the charge air as it enters the combustion chamber. This effect increases the speed of the combustion process and thus ensures more complete combustion. The engine’s efficiency is increased and its pollutant emissions are lowered. In this area the TT also benefits from the know-how acquired with the new V6 "biturbo" engine.

The new Audi turbocharged engines feature the latest electronic engine management generation, Motronic ME 7.5.

The sheer number of functions that this adaptive system controls is most impressive: throttle butterfly position, boost pressure control, sequential fuel injection with air mass measurement by means of a hot-film sensor, mapped ignition characteristic with solid-state high-tension distribution system including individual coils for each cylinder, and cylinder-selective knock control with two sensors.

The engine management system senses the amount of torque which the driver wishes to have transmitted to the driven wheels and decides how this wish can be fulfilled most rapidly and economically; it then adjusts the throttle butterfly position, turbocharger boost pressure and ignition timing to the most suitable settings.

The accelerator pedal is no longer connected to the engine mechanically by a wire cable, but electronically. This enables the throttles to be opened and closed by precisely the amount needed in any given operating situation.

This TT version, whether to front-wheel-drive or quattro specification, accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.4 seconds and has a top speed of 228 km/h (front-wheel drive) or 226 km/h (quattro).

The Body : Many of the basic design decisions were clearly biased in favour of authentic sports-car character: the short wheelbase that’s essential for maximum agility, the wide track, the large wheels with the wide rims and tyres, the low centre of gravity and the firm spring and shock absorber settings for a high level of dynamic stability.

This was the approach which also led to just about every running-gear element being redeveloped to the necessary extent. The front axle for the 132 kW front-wheel-drive car and for the two quattro versions is of MacPherson strut pattern, with new forged lower control arms, new guide joints with larger-diameter journals, new cast steel pivot bearings and specially chosen axle geometry. The anti-roll bar is pivoted directly on the spring strut at each side.

For the TT quattro, the choice fell on a rear suspension layout with combined trailing and double lateral control arms. This is a particularly space-saving design with the springs and shock absorbers mounted separately, the latter at an angle.

True-running and equally compact in design, the rear axle for front-wheel-drive cars has torsion-crank suspension. Track, camber and toe geometry has been matched to the car’s sporting character.

Both rear-axle versions include an anti-roll bar. It further increases the resistance to body roll already assured by the firm suspension settings. On the TT quattro the anti-roll bar is pivoted to the wheel hub backplate by means of a connecting linkage at each side, on front-wheel-drive cars a tubular anti-roll bar is welded into the rear axle assembly.

The Audi TT Coupé has disc brakes at front and rear. The front discs are ventilated, on the more powerful version those at the rear as well. Disc diameters of 312 mm at the front and 256 mm at the rear take the car’s high performance into account. The fist-type rear brake calipers are made of aluminium. This saves weight, in particular unsprung mass at the wheels, so that oscillation is reduced and dynamic stability improved. Heat dissipation is also better when the brakes are subject to severe loads.

The very latest electronic "co-pilots" ensure optimum traction, dynamic stability and safety in varying conditions. All TTs have anti-lock braking (ABS) as standard, and also an electronic differential lock (EDL) in the front axle and electronic braking-pressure distribution (EBD). In addition, the 132 kW front-wheel-drive version has Traction Control (ASR).

Body rigidity is a decisive factor when designing a good sports car: the aim is clearly to transmit the output from a powerful engine efficiently to the road in the form of precise handling and roadholding. This in turn means choosing the most suitable running-gear settings, and for these to have their maximum effect – the body itself must act as an extremely rigid "backbone".


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